The other dimension is the "D-effect", surfacing as the presence or absence of either vocalization or an alveolar stop.Neither subgrouping has found any significant support among other Athabaskanists. In addition, Kibrik did not give the domains and boundaries which have been added here for comparison.Branches 1–7 are the Northern Athabaskan (areal) grouping. hr Jezično pripadaju sjevernoj skupini porodice Athapaskan. For alternative names for the languages, see the classifications given later in this article.Kari (1989) offers a rigorous foundation for the position class system that makes up the verb template in Athabaskan languages. ii. He defines a few terms and resurrects others which have since become standard in Athabaskanist literature.Keren Rice (2000) offers a "Pan-Athabaskan" verb template that characterizes the complexity of verb morphology in the proto-language and the daughter languages.Linguists conventionally divide the Athabaskan family into three groups, based on geographic distribution:Kibrik only gives the zones rather than individual positions where the distinction matters. These were later published individually in syllabics, Mark and Matthew in 1886, and John and Luke in 1890, .
Speakers of several languages, such as Navajo and Gwich'in, span the boundaries between different states and provinces. ); information about learning the Dena'ina language (phrases and conversations, stories, etc. The conventional three-way split into Northern, Pacific Coast, and Southern is essentially based on geography and the physical distribution of Athabaskan peoples rather than sound linguistic comparisons. This situation will presumably change as both documentation and analysis of the languages improves.Very little is known about Tsetsaut, and for this reason it is routinely placed in its own tentative subgroup.Kari (1989) and elsewhere uses + to indicate morpheme boundaries. 18, 19., II. i. Kibrik (1995) and Hoijer (1971) also proposed templates which generalized across a number of Athabaskan languages.
Below the two most current viewpoints are presented.Leer (2005:284) also offered a vowel system consisting of four long or full vowels and three short or reduced vowels which are more centralized.The Nicola language is so poorly attested that it is impossible to determine its position within the family. However, since the name classifier is one of the few grammatical labels sanctioned by common use among Athabaskanists, it is probably not worth the trouble to try to change it.The Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie language is debatably part of the Pacific Coast subgroup, but has marginally more in common with the Northern Athabaskan languages than it does with the Pacific Coast languages (Leer 2005). These languages are repeated by location in this list. 3., St. Luke ii. Welcome to Dena'ina Qenaga.
Despite this inadequacy, current comparative Athabaskan literature demonstrates that most Athabaskanists still use the three-way geographic grouping rather than any of the proposed linguistic groupings given below, because none of them has been widely accepted. cxxii. Thus, the term is not just "God," and not just "Diyin" or "Diyinii," but "Diyin God," as in "Diyin God Bizaad" ("God's Word").
Another five have portions of the Bible translated into them. Translations in context of "langue athapascane" in French-English from Reverso Context: Les Tahltans, peuple autochtone de langue athapascane, occupent une zone entourant la rivière Stikine, dans le Nord-Ouest de la Colombie-Britannique. This situation will presumably change as both documentation and analysis of the languages improves.Very little is known about Tsetsaut, and for this reason it is routinely placed in its own tentative subgroup.A major distinction between the Kibrik and Rice versions is in the terminology, with Kibrik's "Standard Average Athabaskan" maintaining much of the traditional Athabaskanist terminology – still widely used – but Rice changing in favor of aspectual descriptions found in wider semantic and typological literature. Leer 2008). 10, 11., Psa. 14, 15., Phil.